2. What is the role of energy storage in microgrids?  

Energy storage is a critical component of microgrids. It allows for the capture and storage of excess electricity generated by renewable energy sources when demand is low. This stored energy can then be utilized during peak demand periods or when renewable sources are not producing enough power, ensuring a stable and continuous energy supply. Common energy storage technologies used in microgrids include batteries, pumped hydro storage, and flywheels.